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Biology

Previous Year’s CBSE Board Questions – Life Processes – Transportation

Transportation What will happen to a plant if its xylem is removed? (Delhi 2009, 1 mark) Need clues – Click here (a) Draw a sectional view of the human heart and level on it – Pulmonary arteries, vena cava, left ventricle.(b) Why is double circulation of blood necessary in human beings? (AI 2009, 5 marks) …

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Difference between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction

There are two methods of reproduction – (A) Asexual reproduction (B) Sexual reproduction (A) Asexual reproduction It involves only one individual (single parent). It takes place without gametes (sex cells) and fertilization. Cells divide mitotically. It is a simple process of cell division as shown below. Offsprings are genetically identical to the parents. E.g. Spirogyra …

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Heredity

Heredity is the passing of characters or traits from its parent or ancestors to their offspring. The study of heredity in biology is called genetics. It explains that organisms resemble each other because they arise from common ancestor. The offspring of cats are cats, fish are fish and humans are humans only. Trait – A …

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Heredity and Evolution / Mapping our Genes – Variation

  [pullquote-right]“The act or process of changing (in genetics) in the characters or traits in an individual from the group to which it belongs or deviation in characters of the offspring from those of its parents is called variation.”[/pullquote-right]       Heredity and Evolution – Summary     During reproduction, the organism uses its …

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Control and Coordination in Animals and Plants – Introduction

Read more – Life Processes / Life’s Internal Secrets How do Organisms Reproduce?/ The Life Cycle Heredity and Evolution Why do you quickly remove your fingers on touching a hot object? Who controls and coordinates your heart to relax and contract continuously? What enables you to learn, think, analysis and remember? How can you watch T.V. …

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Life Processes – Nutrition

Read First – Life Pocesses – Introduction Food contains several components known as nutrients. “Nutrients are chemicals- inorganic as well as organic that an organism needs to live and grow”. They are obtained from an organism’s surroundings. There are six major classes of nutrients classified as -proteins, vitamins, water, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fats and minerals …

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How do Organisms Reproduce? / The Life Cycle – Summary

Reproduction –  A process by which a living organism is able to produce more of its own kind. It is of two types- asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction –  Production of an offspring from body parts other than the reproductive organs. In this, only one organism is involved, no gametes are produced and …

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Heredity and Evolution / Mapping Our Genes -Summary

Summary – Passing down of characters / traits from parents to children is called heredity. Children of same parents differ because they possess different combinations of parental genes. These difference are termed variations. We are all human beings but can be distinguished easily from each other due to variation. Heredity and variation are due to …

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Control and coordination / The Regulators of Life – Summary

• Control is systematic regulation of various activities. Coordination is the orderly execution of the processes. • Homeostasis, in biological terms means that the body is maintaining internal equilibrium to adjust itself internally and physiologically, in response to the external environmental changes. Read more – Life Processes / Life’s Internal Secrets How do Organisms Reproduce?/ The Life …

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Improvement in Food Resources / Quality Food, Quality Life -Summary

Summary –  Between 1968-1978, a major improvement occurred in Indian agriculture and animal husbandry.  It was veritable revolutions that are known as the Green Revolution and White revolution.  On the basis of seasons, crops have been classified as – (a) Kharif crops – These are the crops grown during the rainy season from June to …

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Why Do We Fall Ill / Highway to Health – Summary

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease. The conditions necessary for good health are – (i) Good physical and social environment. (ii) Good economic conditions. (iii) Social equality and harmony. Thus, for maintaining good health, balanced diet, hygienic surroundings, proper habits, exercise and …

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Diversity in Living Organisms / Life Around You : Summary / Introduction

Taxonomy  is the branch of biology for the study of classification of organisms following certain rules or principals. Systematics (systema – order) – The camparative study of organisms on the basis of morphology, anatomy, ecology, physiology, biochemistry etc. is known as systematics. Systematics have three fields (i) Nomenclature (ii) Classification (iii) Taxonomy Classification – grouping …

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Life Processes / Life’s Internal Secrets -Introduction

Living and Non-living – If something is living, it will carry out all the seven functions which are movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration and growth.  Some non living things may show one or two of the seven characteristics of living things but not all of them. For ex.-car moves, crystals grow in size during …

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Why do we fall ill / Highway to Health – Summary

Summary – Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease. The conditions necessary for good health are – (i) Good physical and social environment. (ii) Good economic conditions. (iii) Social equality and harmony. Thus, for maintaining good health, balanced diet, hygienic surroundings, proper habits, …

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Outer membrane of Cell – Cell membrane / Plasma membrane

 Outer membrane of Cell [A] Cell membrane / Plasma membrane Position – This is the outer covering of the animal and plant cells which encloses the mass of cytoplasm and gives separate identity to the cell. Characteristics – (i) Selectively permeable so allow only selected substances to pass in (water, salt, oxygen) and out (carbon …

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Cell : The Fundamental Unit of Life

Introduction If something is living, it will carry out all the seven functions which are [highlight]movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration and growth[/highlight]. Some non living things may show one or two of the seven characteristics of living things but not all of them. For ex.-car moves, crystals grow in size during crystallization process. [pullquote-right]“Thus, the …

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